Jaime Letelier Pino—who holds a PhD in Oceanography and serves as head of the Department of Oceanography and the Environment at the Fisheries Development Institute (IFOP)—discussed the evolution of the El Niño phenomenon. He noted that his organization had managed to detect thermal anomalies along the Pacific coast as early as February—months before international entities did. Letelier explained how rising sea temperatures have caused profound disruptions to fishery resources, forcing species such as the Chilean jack mackerel and the anchoveta to migrate, while also inflicting serious impacts on marine fauna and coastal productive sectors.